![]() It has been proposed that Roman lead pipe inscriptions were created with movable type printing, but German typographer Herbert Brekle recently dismissed this view. ![]() Typography was also implemented in the Phaistos Disc, an enigmatic Minoan printed item from Crete, which dates to between 18 B.C. Babylonian cylinder seals were used to create an impression on a surface by rolling the seal on wet clay. The uneven spacing of the impressions on brick stamps found in the Mesopotamian cities of Uruk and Larsa, dating from the second millennium B.C., may be evidence of type, wherein the reuse of identical characters was applied to create cuneiform text. The word, typography, is derived from the Greek words τύπος typos "form" or "impression" and γράφειν graphein "to write", traces its origins to the first punches and dies used to make seals and currency in ancient times, which ties the concept to printing. Korean movable type from 1377 used for the JikjiĪlthough typically applied to printed, published, broadcast, and reproduced materials in contemporary times, all words, letters, symbols, and numbers written alongside the earliest naturalistic drawings by humans may be called typography. The word "typography" in English comes from the Greek roots τύπος and -γραφία. ![]() Thus, at a time when scientific techniques can provide evidence that supports established practice ( legibility or brand recognition achieved through the appropriate use of serifs, letter case, letter forms, contrast, spacing, etc.) through understanding the limitations of human vision, typography may be encountered that fails to achieve its principal objective: effective communication. As the capability to create typography has become ubiquitous, the application of principles and best practices developed over generations of skilled workers and professionals has diminished. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of previously unrelated designers and lay users. ![]() Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Typography is the work of typesetters (also known as compositors), typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, and, now, anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers, and symbols for publication, display, or distribution, from clerical workers and newsletter writers to anyone self-publishing materials. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing ( leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), as well as adjusting the space between pairs of letters ( kerning ). Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. Movable type being assembled on a composing stick using pieces that are stored in the type case shown below it
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